Human Intestine Subcellular Fractions

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Enterocyte metabolic enzymes perform a significant role in the first-pass metabolism of many orally ingested xenobiotics. 

The use of adequately active and stable intestinal subcellular fractions is highly recommended in determining a more complete analysis of first-pass metabolism of ingested xenobiotics.  Consequences of intestinal biotransformation include toxification by bioactivation and detoxification by aiding in excretion.  The majority of metabolic enzymes including cytochromes P450 and UGTs are contained in the mature enterocytes of the villus tips.  The submucosa, muscularis, and serosa yield low microsome quantities and are not used in the preparation of XenoTech's intestinal subcellular fractions. 

 

Our unique processing method yields higher P450 activities than most commercially available intestinal subcellular fractions, as described in Galetin and Houston, 2006. XenoTech’s human intestinal microsomes have been tested and proven extremely stable over five freeze/thaw cycles.  Microsomes should be thawed in a room temperature water bath and unused portions returned to an ultra-low freezer (–70°C or colder) as soon as possible.

Note: Intestinal subcellular fractions are prepared with a cocktail of protease inhibitors including PMSF (Phenylmethylsulfonylflouride)  to protect the P450 enzymes and are not recommended for esterase assays.

Packaging

Micro­somes
Concentration: 10 mg/mL
Suspension buffer: 250 mM sucrose

S9 fraction
Concentration: 4 mg/mL
Suspension buffer: 50 mM TRIS·HCl (pH 7.4 at 4°C) containing 150 mM KCl, EDTA, glycerol, heparin, PMSF, leupeptin, dithiothreitol, and aprotinin

Characterization Provided

• NADPH-cytochrome c reductase
• Testosterone 6β-hydroxylation
• 4-Methylumbelliferone glucuronidation

Related Products

Intestinal subcellular fractions are also available for these species:

• Cynomolgus Monkey
• Beagle dog
• IGS Sprague-Dawley rat

For other extrahepatic fractions, contact us and ask about our Custom Products option.  We have experience preparing a variety of unique research products for a growing list of customers.

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